The world architectural history have survived to the present day the most important monuments located between the Hagia Sophia; architecture, magnificence, in terms of size and functionality in terms of the art world is an important place. Hagia Sophia in Istanbul have made the Eastern Roman Empire is the biggest church was built in the same place three times. When the first Megale Ekklesia (Great Church) was named as the 5th century onwards, the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) is defined as. Hagia Sophia is crowned ruler of the Byzantine Empire for the capital's largest church served as the cathedral. First church, Konstantios Emperor (337-361) was built in 360 by. Timber roof covered with its length developing (basilica) planned the first structure, the Emperor Arcadius's (395-408), his wife Empress Eudoksi and Istanbul Patriarch Ioannes Chrysostomos dispute between, due to the patriarch to be exiled on in the year 404 the popular uprising as a result have been demolished. (Today patriarch mosaic depicting the Hagia Sophia and the northern tymphano on the wall can be seen.) Today, the first church of any residual Although there is no museum in the tanks Megale Ekklesia stamped bricks for this building belongs is considered. Second Church, Emperor Joseph II. Theodosius (408-450) was rebuilt in 415 by. This structure, five naves, covered with wooden roof and a monumental entrance with a basilica in the background is known to be. church, the Emperor Justinian's (527-565) 5 years of reign, the aristocratic segments representing the blue with the artisan and merchant segments representing the green of the Empire against the combined result of the emerging and date "Nike Revolt as" the last, great people during the uprising on January 13 in 532 was destroyed. 1935 Istanbul in German Archaeological Institute AM Scheind under the chairmanship in the excavations, the current ground about 2.00 m below the visible II. to do Propylons (monumental entrance gate)'s steps, column bases and the Twelve Apostles frieze decorated with reliefs representing the lamb fragments were found. In addition, other architectural fragments of the monumental entrance in the garden can be seen in the western part.
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Today's Hagia Sophia, the Emperor Justinian (527-565) by the two main architects of the period of the Miletus (Milet) Tralles'l with Isidore (Aydin) Anthemios was built. Quoted by the historian Prokopios February 23, construction began in 532, was completed in a short span of 5 years and the church ceremony on December 27 in the year 537 was opened for worship. Sources, Hagia Sophia, the opening day of the Emperor Justinian, enter into the temple, "God give me the opportunity to make such a place of worship for letting hallelujah" and then in Jerusalem Hz. Referring to the Temple of Solomon "O Solomon I have surpassed you," he shouted through that. third innovation in the traditional architecture of the Hagia Sophia basilica plan, the plan is to assemble the central dome. Construction of the three-nave, apse, inner and outer narthex has two. Apse lengths up to 100 m from the outer narthex. width is 69.50 m. 55.60 m height from the floor of the dome with a diameter of 31.87 m in the north-south direction, east-west direction is 30.86 m.
Emperor Justinian's Hagia Sophia to be more brilliant and showy, by sending a notice to all the states in the suite, for use in the most beautiful architectural pieces, ordered the confiscation of the Hagia Sophia. This structure is used for columns and marble; Aspendos, Ephesus, Baalbek, such as Tarsus, was brought from the ruins of ancient cities in Anatolia and Syria. In the structure of white marble from the island of Marmara, from the island of Euboea green onyx, pink and yellow marble from Afyon marble brought from North Africa were used in Hagia Sophia. Structure in the interior of the wall coatings; side by side in a single block of marble is divided into two symmetrical shapes revealed by the introduction and use of veined and colored marble with a decorative richness of the interior space was created. In addition, the structure of the nave columns brought from the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, brought from Egypt 8 pieces of porphyry columns are known to be used under the half-dome. Structure took 40 of them in the gallery, including 64 of them in the upper gallery contains a total of 104 columns.
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Hagia Sophia, the entire surface of the marble-clad walls outside is decorated with beautiful mosaics from each other.Mosaic in the production of gold, silver, glass, terra cotta and colored stones are composed of materials used. Building on the floral and geometric mosaics from the 6th century, depicting mosaics, the ikonaklaz the (depicted Refractivity Period 730- 842) after the date. Hagia Sophia Eastern Roman Period Empire Church because the emperor coronation ceremonies are conducted space is. For this reason, the main venue of the Hagia Sophia (naos) on the right, colored stones round and plug-patterned flooring (omphalio), the Eastern Roman emperors were crowned the department.
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IV. 1204- 1261 by the Latin Crusaders during the Istanbul was occupied between the years, the city in this period, as well as the Hagia Sophia has been sacked. In 1261 again conquered the Eastern Roman city, the Hagia Sophia is known to be in pretty poor condition.
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Hagia Sophia, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (1451-1481) was converted into a mosque in 1453 with the conquest of Istanbul. Immediately after the conquest structure optimally preserved and strengthened, along with the addition of the Ottoman period has remained as a mosque. From the date of the damaged structure of various earthquakes, and the Eastern Roman, as well as to support struts were made during the Ottoman Period. By Mimar Sinan, the minaret while at the same time structure supporting strut acts. Hagia Sophia, to the north, Sultan Mehmed II in the period of a madrasa was built, in every period of maintenance and repair work of history, the most comprehensive repair work Abdulmecid during the reign (1839-1861 ) by Fossati. Reorganization of the period of Sultan Abdulaziz Sophia environmental studies Between 1869- 1870 were destroyed during the madrasa Among ve1873- was rebuilt in 1874. In 1936, demolished the madrasa's ruins in 1982, the excavations were uncovered. Ottoman period, the 16th and 17th centuries, Hagia Sophia into the altars, pulpit, muezzin gallery the preaching and maksur they are added. mihrab on both sides of the bronze lamps, Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) by Bud Expedition (1526) turned into a mosque has been presented. main space entrance on the right and the left, the Hellenistic Period (BC. 4-3. century BC), the two marble cube, the Bergama is introduced, Sultan III. Murad (1574-1595) was presented by the Hagia Sophia. Hagia Sophia, during the reign of Sultan reigns between the years of 1847-1849, the Swiss Fossati brothers built a comprehensive repair. This repair work before, during altar in the north niche, located in Hünkâr Assembly of abolished altar on the left, rising above the columns, around the wooden gilded railings surrounded by Hünkâr Assemblies were made. During the same period calligrapher kadıasker Mustafa Izzet Efendi written by 7.5 m.8 lines in diameter plate was placed on the walls of the main space. "God, the Prophet. Muhammad, the Prophet. Abu Bakr, the Prophet. Umar, the Prophet. Osman, the Prophet. Ali, the Prophet. Hasan and the Prophet. Hussein "written these plates plates of the Islamic world is known as the biggest mistake. Same calligrapher dome in the middle of the 35th verse of Surat an-Nur wrote.
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Sophia Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's orders and was converted into a museum by the Council of Ministers in February 1935 as a museum to 1, was opened to domestic and foreign visitors. 1936 deed, according to the Hagia Sophia "57 layouts, 57 islands, 7 parcels Sultan Mehmed Foundation on behalf of the Tomb, Akaret, Muvakkithane and Madrasa consisting of Sophia-i Kebir Mosque Sheriff" in the name has title deed.
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