Topographic and climatic characteristics of the city of Istanbul, since very ancient times have recognized the opportunity to housing. In some of the areas of the city spread today, life archaeological documents as far back as possible to follow 300 thousand years ago.Information supported by written sources of life in the urban context, is clear from the 7th century BC.
had in the history of Istanbul from the name of the defined ones, describes a certain period. The first settlement on the peninsula, ie polytheistic pagan antiquity dinli- is the millennial city of Byzantion. The city later grows, the Eastern Roman Empire, the Christian capital of Constantinople turns and under this name a thousand years of a life will have.
Ottoman city of conquering the Muslim-dominated with a will is governed and the city's image will change accordingly. Constantinople from time to time, or Dersaadet Asitane used such names, though, after the conquest of Istanbul called up to the present time covers a period of more than five hundred years. However, in 1923, with the new Republican regime, has four major imperial capital of approximately 1600 years in Istanbul, the capital property is lost. Although officially lost this characteristic, it is still a capital city.
|
|
 | Leaders Istanbul States |
 |
 |
| | Ancient Greek city-state (BC 667-BC. 196)
Roman Empire (196-395 BC)
of the Byzantine Empire (395-1204), (1261-1453),
the Latin Empire (1204-1261)
of the Ottoman Empire (29 May 1453-13 November 1918)
Allied powers (13 November 1918-6 October 1923)
of the Republic of Turkey (October 6, 1923 ...). |
|
| |
| Istanbul the capital of the States |
|
|
| | Roman Empire (330-395)
of the Byzantine Empire (395-1204), (1261-1453),
the Latin Empire (1204-1261)
of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1922) |
|
| |
| Istanbul's Historical Periods |
|
|
| |
 | History Pre- Term |
| Ancient Greek Period |
| Roman Imperial Period |
| Byzantine Empire Period |
| Latin Empire Period |
| Ottoman Empire Period |
| Republican Period |
|
|
| |
|
| Prehistoric Period (BC 300 000-BC. 667) |
|
|
History. Istanbul extends until the settlement date Palaeolithic. As a result of the excavations carried out in Yarımburgaz Palaeolithic cave, and in Pendik Fikirtepe to the Chalcolithic Period (5500-3500 BC)'s finds were uncovered. Also Seraglio founded by the Thracians in the walls of the ruins of a city called Lygos, Kadikoy structure remains were found dating from the Phoenicians.
|
Today's first settlements at the core of the city, in the 7th century BC, was founded by Megara. Dorlann that invaded Megara escaped from Greece, MIM 680 of the Propontis (Sea of Marmara) they come through today's Kadikoy Moda Khalchedon in the nose or in the name of Chalcedon kurdukl settled in the city. Thracian origin, under the leadership of the commander Byzas road in the other branches of the Megaras Delphoi obeying counsel of the priests on the opposite side Chalcedon in 660 BC, a city founded around today Seraglio.Megaras city leaders said Byzantion by step. Overall, Chalcedonians Byzantionlu of the agricultural production is believed that the trade deal.
|
|
|
| Ancient Greek Period (BC 667-BC. 196) |
|
|
| Byzantium and the oligarchy Period (BC 667-BC. 476) |
BC, the foundations of today's Istanbul Was taken in the 7th century. "Byzantium" in BC by Megaras 667 to the east of the peninsula has been established around the Seraglio. Byzantium city-state structure revealed a long time. BC Byzantium in 478 Spartans were seized by Pausanlı.
|
| Byzantium and Democracy Period (BC 476-BC. 196) |
Management of Byzantium Pausanlı Spartans have remained only two years, and then Pausanlı were expelled by the people of the city.Thus, BC Byzantium from 476 to democracy form of government was set. Byzantion showing city-state structure for a long time, thanks to the economic development that is owed to its strategic location in all of ancient Greece has been a force that can interfere with.
|
| |
| Roman Imperial Period (196 BC-AD 330) |
|
|
| Byzantium and the Roman period (ca. AD 1.yüzyıl 196-) |
BC Byzantium in 196 came under the domination of the Roman Empire. Byzantium by the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus, the Roman Empire, Rome has been included in the declaration of independence. City by the Roman Emperor Vespasian in the 1st century empire is firmly adhere to the latinleştiril.
|
| Byzantium and the Roman Period (1.yüzyıl-3rd century) |
Byzantium Emperor Vespasian Latinleştir policy is subjected to a rapid period, the Latin name İmaparatorluğu Rome to Byzantium becomes fully connected and become an important province. Pescennius agreement with Byzantium in 196 the Persian emperor of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus, because the city is punished by the large damaged. City then head over heels again was rebuilt by Septimius Severus.
|
| Augusta Antonina and Roman Period (3rd century-330) |
Augusta Antonina head over heels in the name of the city was rebuilt and organized the Emperor Septimius Severus (193-211) by his son, is named in honor of Antony. This name was used in the 3rd century. Byzantium by Constantine I in 330, will be declared the capital of the Roman Empire.
|
| Roman and Late Roman capital of Constantinople (330-395) |
Istanbul's historic capital of the Roman Empire began 65 years ago from the East-West divide. Byzantium in 330 AD at the request of Emperor Constantine the Great 'Nova Roma (New Rome) made the capital of the Roman Empire, the city's name in his honor after the death of the emperor of Byzantium to Constantinople dialed. With the fall of the Roman invasion and instead passing of Constantinople, in 395 the Roman Empire split into two successor states of the Eastern Roman Empire
|
| |
| Period of the Byzantine Empire (330-1204) - (1261 - 1453) |
|
|
Constantinople, first established under the name of the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, once turned into the name of the state capital was in the 395. Constantinople in the early Middle Ages is the world's brightest and richest city.
|
| |
| Latin Empire Period (1204 - 1261) |
|
|
Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204 was largely destroyed by the occupation. Until 1261 the city was the center of the Latin Empire. New commercial relationships formed during the Crusades, and consequently the change of trade routes from the center of the total structure of Byzantine Constantinople pulled. Period of the power centers that appear as Pisa, Venice and Genoa, gained concessions Syca with behind the slopes situated in Pera trade center formed .. 14th century when entering Constantinople, surrounded by walls, agricultural production based in a structure gradually collapsed, the Golden Horn against on the shores of Galata trade based on his life was bright. During this period, the annual income of Galata customs, customs obtained in Constantinople seven times to reach the maximum annual income.
|
| |
| Ottoman Empire Period (1453 - 1922) |
|
|
The first time the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I of Constantinople (Lightning) period (1389-1402) besieged. In 1391 and subsequent siege by Bayezid II. Murad did not result siege in 1422. I of Constantinople to the Ottoman lands. Mehmed brought (1453) and was therefore given to it Fatih SAM. With the move to Constantinople, the Ottoman capital of Edirne began a period of bait. Maintain order in the city, after the start of the siege be separated from the return of the Greeks, as a part of living in Anatolia and Thrace in the city, were encouraged to settle. Selim I (Yavuz) from the Egyptian expedition (1517), bringing relics in return received the title of caliph, the city next to the capital of the caliphate that the center has undertaken the function. With the name of the city of Constantinople for a long time or just the police (city) was referred to by the word. Eis skin that are often used in everyday speech of poly (Greek for "right to the city") in the form of clauses, Stimbol Ottoman period, estanbul, as İştambol became Istanbul after spending changes. Asitane Dersaadet city and was referred to by name.
|
| |
 |
| |
Istanbul, under Ottoman sovereignty spent a long period of peace. The most important events of the 19th century until 1589, the Janissary rebellion in the years 1593,1622,1656 and 1730, various fires and earthquakes are causing great destruction (see. Istanbul earthquake, Istanbul fires). Start with the 19th century, 20th century, the Ottoman Empire 'was the most çalkantıh period. Repeatedly resulted in the defeat of the economic recession and the collapse caused by the war, is a direct reflection of Istanbul. Reforms in 1839 Fermanı'nm in 1876, the First Constitution in 1908 II. Proclamation of the Constitution, 31 March Incident that took place in 1909 and the Army Corps II. Abdulhamid dethrone the Bulgarians in the Balkan wars began in 1912, and then progress to Catalca the start of the First World War is one of the most important events of this period. Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918) after signing the crumbling Ottoman Empire's capital, Constantinople, in a sense the whole load rode. The city began in Anatolia remain outside the formal organization and resistance, despite all the turmoil of the period lived.
|
| |
23 and 30 in order to condemn the occupation of İzmir in May 1919, held rallies Blue has created a great echo. 15 to 16 March 1920, Istanbul was occupied by the Allied Powers and the Board of Deputies was closed. On 23 April 1920 in Ankara, Turkey Grand National Assembly (Parliament), the establishment of the palace and a sense of space left in Istanbul. Parliament on 1 November 1922 that left the caliphate to reign, and that the end of the Ottoman Empire Parliament declared the establishment of the Government. Parliament's control of the city government after the expiry of the last Ottoman sultan VI. Mehmed (Vahideddin) left Istanbul on 17 November 1922.October 6th. 1923 Istanbul with Turkish troops entered the city was liberated from the occupation. October 13, 1923 was declared the capital of Ankara and Istanbul, the capital continued for centuries, has lost its function. March 3rd, 1924 with the abolition of the caliphate ceased to be the center of the caliphate.
|
| |
And metropolitan area of the city of structure formation. The actual configuration of the Republic took place during today's Istanbul.But in some parts of the city, even the roots of the current land use Byzantiumis need to call. Byzantion to replace the acropolis during the Great Palace of the Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Topkapi Palace was also. Today, a part of the administrative units (province, courthouses, municipal, health and education directorates) in the historical city walls, the palace is the surrounding area. Byzantion, which was once the most important port in place today NEORION Sirkeci, one of Istanbul's main transport hubs are. Their presence around NEORION trading also remained in Ottoman and Republican periods. An independent trading city, and commercial power in excess of Constantinople Syca the Ottoman period to the Galata Pera has become. In the second half of the 19th century that the settlement of foreign financial institutions and bankers of Galata (Karaköy), an entirely different face of the historical peninsula, the West has a similar structure. Today, many domestic and foreign banks headquarters, where the Karakoy, has been largely function as the financial center.
|
| |
|
|
| |
After the entry of the Ottomans conquered the city one of the things that was arranging settlement and urbanization. In a short time it was repaired walls, palaces and churches near the mosque, a complex of buildings, inns and baths have been added. Prior to 1453 most 40-50 thousand more during the conquest of the city and declining population, has increased by a deliberate settlement policy.But not limited to the inner walls of these developments has spread to surrounding areas. Brought from various regions of Anatolia and Rumelia Eyüp and Üsküdar, the Turks, the Greeks and Cibal between Balat and Galata, Balat with Haskovo between Jews, Armenians were placed between Kumkap with Samatia. Twenty-five years in such a short time with the urban population living outside the walls has exceeded 120 thousand. Another issue given the importance of the Ottoman non-Muslims was to organize religious activities.Seven months after receipt of the city was taken to the Orthodox Church Ottoman protection.
|
| |
This settlement policy, organized by communities and religious issues of division of labor flexibility, Istanbul in later centuries was quite evident form the core of the ethnic mosaic. II. Mehmed urban area, where the Byzantine period reserved for management and trade flourished. To extend beyond the walls of the settlement, but in the remaining part of surlann was the lifeblood of Istanbul. Extend beyond the walls of the main settlement Eyüp, Üsküdar Anadolu Hisar and Rumeli Fortress with the Muslim neighborhoods were Greek village on the shores of the Bosphorus Europe.
|
| |
16th and 17th centuries were the heyday of Istanbul. In this century, the rise of the Ottoman Empire is clearly reflected in the capital.Although the majority of the people sheltering in the walls of the city of Galata and Pera, Üsküdar, Kadıköy and has spread rapidly throughout the Bosphorus; Topkapi Aksaray and Kocamustafapaşa around and was inhabited during this period. Galata, Eyüp and Kasimpasa was dense settlement areas. With the opening of new churches and embassies done Galata Pera direction hang outside their walls was developed. Spread around the city in this century, as was seen largely zoning. The magnificent structure on the hill overlooking the Golden Horn and mosques led to significant changes in the appearance of the city.
|
| |
Istanbul, with a population of 800 thousand at the end of the 17th century, left behind cities like London and Paris, the Middle East and Europe's largest city and has been the center. 18th century, the Ottoman Empire in general, and in particular the period of Istanbul is opened to the West. During this period, the city's architectural structure in the life of the people was a new formation. The classical period of Ottoman baroque architecture began to take the place of. Western way of life, especially non-Muslims constitute 40 per cent of the urban population lived in areas began to be adopted. Golden Horn, Istanbul's most important during the Tulip Period gained importance as a recreation area.
|
|
|
19th century, the Ottoman government reform and opening up of the economy to capitalist relations in parallel in Istanbul where there is a period of great transformation. With the strengthening of relations with the West, the city's transportation infrastructure has developed; railways, docks, stations were made. Galata and Pera's new powerhouse behind the forming identity became clear. Many foreign banks, bankers and brokers that settled in Galata, has become a financial center.
|
| |
Galata, across from the old city center in 1837 as a result of development of Azapkapı Unkapanı with a bridge made of wood, so the city has two central interconnected. The Galata Bridge in 1845, this integration has strengthened. In the city in terms of the formation of the central business area was a significant historical peninsula of Galata Galata division of labor emerged and excelled as a center of economy and management of the original decision. Embassy is located, minorities and foreigners live Pera (Beyoglu) and the city's most colorful entertainment center of Istanbul was the western side. Foreigners and minorities, as well as in the life of the Western Turks, who began to settle in this environment.
|
| |
In the 19th century these developments peak of the Ottoman dynasty, centuries-long tradition of disrupting the Topkapi Palace 's leave and, by mid-century, Galata' s and foreign embassies near Dolmabahçe Palace moved to create. Sur-u Sultani first outside the Dolmabahce palace, Beylerbeyi made in the next year, and star Ciragan palace followed. Meanwhile, the city grew rapidly and spread.Galatasaray-Taksim, next to the axis of TR-Labasa has developed. In the previous century, the settlements on the periphery of the barracks in the 19th century as a result of the formation of Rami, Halıcıoğlu, Taksim, Macka, Gümüşsuyu and appeared as the main districts of Istanbul Harbiye.
|
| |
|
| |
|
Settlement on the European side of the Bosphorus unite with each other, on the Asian side Üsküdar, Kadıköy has developed into.Kadikoy has spread into the Kurbağalıdere'nin, Kiziltoprak, Kalamış, Fenerbahçe, as Erenkoy districts and neighborhoods appeared rarely among them. Industrialization in the Golden Horn in this century began with the establishment of the meeting spaces. Meanwhile, the city's administration in 1854 as an important step towards the establishment of municipal organization was.
|
| |
The company was founded in 1850-i Auspicious and in the Strait ferry began. Horse-Drawn Tram Company was founded in 1869, the first lines of the opening in 1872, the tunnel work to start in 1875, exceeding the possibilities of growing and increasingly pedestrian brought a new dimension to urban transport. Horse-drawn tram took place in 1914 .. In 1873, electric tram-Edirne Sirkeci and Haydarpasa-Izmit business by opening the railways began to study commuter trains. Thus, settlements developed around the city suburbs.
|
| |
In 1890, Sirkeci Train Station, Haydarpasa Train Station was completed in 1908. Galata in 1895, completed in 1900, docks at the port of Istanbul Sirkeci first steps were taken to modernize. With the coming of 1903 in Istanbul Haydarpaşa port in the 19th century by creating the infrastructure for developing foreign trade relations with foreign countries was strengthened. Foreign company was doing all this infrastructure work.
|
| |
|
| Republican Period (1923 - ....) |
|
|
Istanbul at the beginning of the Republican era, socio-economic and cultural aspects have lost their former brightness significantly, ceased to be the center of political decisions and aşmaktayk 1 million of population at the beginning of the century, was a city in 1927, dropped to less than 700 thousand. However, according to Anatolia in the war ravaged country's most important city in better shape and the distinction of being guarded.
|
| |
In the early years of the Republic of the urban population growth rate was below the average of Turkey; Istanbul has it enables the development. From various European countries in the 1930s, planners and architects who called to Istanbul has prepared several plans for the city. Henri Prost's plan (1937), the city has made a decisive impact on subsequent spatial structure. One of the features Plam'n Prost, the city of Istanbul, Beyoglu and Kadikoy to Uskudar-handling was in three parts. The most important aspect of this plan, the estuary was open to the placement of the medium and large industries. Plan, in line with Atatürk Bridge area stretching from the Horn to the source of major industries in the old city to the Galata bridge between Ataturk the state sector, wholesale fish market and wholesale establishments engaged in trading of foodstuffs settled. Contamination of the estuary of the years-long process that began with the development.
|
| |
With the lifting of the function of being the capital, and the city's popular districts inhabited by former manager of Sulaimaniya, Fatih, Beyazıt and Şehzadebaşı gradually faded. This district hosts in the room, the room to be rented or began to fall. In contrast, in the 1930s, settled in the upper income groups has increased the attractiveness of the Beyoğlu. By 1933, the population of the historical peninsula Binken 125, Beyoglu's population had exceeded 150 thousand. I'm getting ahead of 1950 in Istanbul's central business Çarşıkap, Sirkeci, Eminonu and Karakoy were covering. Beyoglu trade for upper income groups who settled the village of Kara-shifted from the Independence Avenue.
|
| |
1940 in Turkey closer to the scale of capital accumulation was the year that can be transferred to industry. Istanbul, the Anatolian capital is important for the amenities offered was the attraction. Prost Plan by starting with the Golden Horn to the industry and the process of opening in 1947, the Municipal Housing Authority "by the" Istanbul Industrial Area Belongs to guideline of ", and in 1949 the relevant committee reports with the publication was completed. 1,947 Ordinance, Eyüp - Silahtarağa, Job-Edirnekapi and yedikule-Bakirkoy between the heavy, the estuary of the two sides of the medium-sized industrial placement has opened. 1949 report them heavy industrial areas as Eyup the north, Maltepe surroundings Davutpaşa way Kazlıçeşme, Zeytinburnu, Bakirkoy the outer segment, Stephano and Küçükçekmece yi, Anatolian side Maltepe-Kartal Search the Pendik and Kadıköy-Gazhane environment added. During these years, the Bosphorus to the public by the bottle and glass, alcohol and raki, match factories and coal store settled.
|
| |
First World War and lived in Independence after shaking power in Istanbul nationwide, II. In the years after World War II regained. In the 1950s, the broad masses of broken earth was flooded. In 1950, the urban population of 983,041, reached 1,466,535 after 10 years. The first wave of migrants from the Horn of industrial establishments around the area outside the city walls settled; And the core of shantytown Kâğıthane first occurred in Zeytinburnu. Asphalt in the Anatolian side of Istanbul was called at that time on the highway in the vicinity of industrial enterprises began squatting! In 1951, the number of slums in the city's all-8500, while in 1957 only 26 thousand residential Zeytinburnu where 60 thousand people live in slums has become. Zeytinburnu rapidly increasing population, the county was made in 1957.
|
| |
After Zeytinburnu Job-Rami industrial area near the city's second largest slum, which appeared Taşlıtarla. For the first time in the 1950s by immigrants from Bulgaria and Yugoslavia formed by placing Taşlıtarla, then the city has grown and with the influx of immigration from Anatolia in 1963 under the name of Eyup district was made.
|
| |
In 1954, the industry plans prepared for the European side, Mecidiyeköy -Levent, Sculpture-village-Sisli, Bomont and Kasimpasa - Kâğıthane opened between industry sectors. Which entered into force in 1955, the Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey Industry Plan settlement industry when returning to a certain extent, Topkapı-Rami and Levent has set a new industry. 1950s was the third largest slum area developed around Kâğıthane. Ring opening of new industrial areas, Maltepe, Kartal parcels of such non-audit area has caused squatters.
|
| |
| With the lifting of the function of being the capital, and the city's popular districts inhabited by former manager of Sulaimaniya, Fatih, Beyazıt and Şehzadebaşı gradually faded. This district hosts in the room, the room to be rented or began to fall. In contrast, in the 1930s, settled in the upper income groups has increased the attractiveness of the Beyoğlu. By 1933, the population of the historical peninsula Binken 125, Beyoglu's population had exceeded 150 thousand. I'm getting ahead of 1950 in Istanbul's central business Çarşıkap, Sirkeci, Eminonu and Karakoy were covering. Beyoglu trade for upper income groups who settled the village of Kara-shifted from the Independence Avenue. |
| |
1940 in Turkey closer to the scale of capital accumulation was the year that can be transferred to industry. Istanbul, the Anatolian capital is important for the amenities offered was the attraction. Prost Plan by starting with the Golden Horn to the industry and the process of opening in 1947, the Municipal Housing Authority "by the" Istanbul Industrial Area Belongs to guideline of ", and in 1949 the relevant committee reports with the publication was completed. 1,947 Ordinance, Eyüp - Silahtarağa, Job-Edirnekapi and yedikule-Bakirkoy between the heavy, the estuary of the two sides of the medium-sized industrial placement has opened. 1949 report them heavy industrial areas as Eyup the north, Maltepe surroundings Davutpaşa way Kazlıçeşme, Zeytinburnu, Bakirkoy the outer segment, Stephano and Küçükçekmece yi, Anatolian side Maltepe-Kartal Search the Pendik and Kadıköy-Gazhane environment added. During these years, the Bosphorus to the public by the bottle and glass, alcohol and raki, match factories and coal store settled.
|
| |
First World War and lived in Independence after shaking power in Istanbul nationwide, II. In the years after World War II regained. In the 1950s, the broad masses of broken earth was flooded. In 1950, the urban population of 983,041, reached 1,466,535 after 10 years. The first wave of migrants from the Horn of industrial establishments around the area outside the city walls settled; And the core of shantytown Kâğıthane first occurred in Zeytinburnu. Asphalt in the Anatolian side of Istanbul was called at that time on the highway in the vicinity of industrial enterprises began squatting! In 1951, the number of slums in the city's all-8500, while in 1957 only 26 thousand residential Zeytinburnu where 60 thousand people live in slums has become. Zeytinburnu rapidly increasing population, the county was made in 1957.
|
| |
After Zeytinburnu Job-Rami industrial area near the city's second largest slum, which appeared Taşlıtarla. For the first time in the 1950s by immigrants from Bulgaria and Yugoslavia formed by placing Taşlıtarla, then the city has grown and with the influx of immigration from Anatolia in 1963 under the name of Eyup district was made.
|
| |
In 1954, the industry plans prepared for the European side, Mecidiyeköy -Levent, Sculpture-village-Sisli, Bomont and Kasimpasa - Kâğıthane opened between industry sectors. Which entered into force in 1955, the Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey Industry Plan settlement industry when returning to a certain extent, Topkapı-Rami and Levent has set a new industry. 1950s was the third largest slum area developed around Kâğıthane. Ring opening of new industrial areas, Maltepe, Kartal parcels of such non-audit area has caused squatters.
|
| |
By the mid 1950 in Istanbul, Yesilköy the west, north, Levent, spread over an area extending east to the Bostanci. Zeytinburnu, Bakirkoy and Yesilköy from each other, separated by green space was the case of the neighborhood. Bob extension of the city, consisting of garden houses had a rare tissue. 1950-60 period, Istanbul, quite "fun" activity experienced a building and expropriation.İnönü (Dolmabahçe) Stadium, the Sports and Exhibition, Flory Beach Plants, Open Air Theatre and Levent Residential Complex was completed in 1950.
|
| |
Ataköy 70 thousand people a settlement with the coastal beaches and tourist facilities groundbreaking ceremony, Yesilköy Airport (today's Ataturk Airport) expansion, Edirne-Istanbul highway Topkapi entry regulation, Yesilköy up to 50 m wide road made, the nation and the people streets with Barbaros Boulevard opening, Sirkeci-Flor-or of the coastal road, Sarachane Istanbul Municipal House made Tophane-Dolmabahce road widening, Salıpazarı wharf and warehouse establishment of 1950s Istanbul changed the face of major applications was .
|
| |
The next time at a brisk pace in 1960 to demolish the second case alters the configuration of the urban zoning specify the areas of apartment blocks. Property Ownership Law in 1965 with the release of the value of land in Istanbul's urban areas have increased sharply. The construction sector is one of the most vibrant periods entering the first empty space; then green spaces, parks and playgrounds were filled with apartment buildings.
|
| |
Urban rents and costs rise, big industry has consolidated a tendency to spread around the city. Supplemented by a variety of measures to encourage industrial enterprises as a result of this process suffered from the attack Yakacik - Tuzla - Çayırova - Gebze axis, Kartal-Maltepe added industrial areas. The actual development of the city on the Anatolian side, while on the European side of Zeytinburnu and Bakirkoy cross I have completed the industrial areas on the one hand Sefaköy (Safraköy), Cyclic and Firuzkoy stretches a hand in the Job-Rami-Eyup district to the north by spreading Küçükköy, Alibeyler-village and Kâğıthane 'was reaching to. Meanwhile, extending Sisli Maslak Buyukdere Street in the west occurred in an industrial area.
|
| |
Acceleration of industrialization, has a direct impact shanty houses. Which took place in Turkey in 1960-65 and 36 per cent of recruitment, 22 per cent between 1965-70, 'have had to Istanbul. Istanbul late 1960s, 25 percent of the population, consisted of those who migrated in the last five years. In 1962, the number of 78 thousand slums, 10 years later came to 195 thousand. In the same year, the share of the urban population of slum residents was 40 percent. Held in treasury land to squatters in the 1970s, the agricultural areas outside municipal boundaries away from the control of all the deeds done in the slums have also been added.
|
| |
Early 1960s to 1.5 million, approaching the 1970s over 2 million, with a population of urban functions continuous and widespread and of the domain width, with industry outside the city shift and multi-center with the emergence of Istanbul, the metropolitan can be defined as a scale reached. In the 1970s, Istanbul, with the effect of a large population concentration in basic infrastructure needs such as housing and transport problems faced in the large size was up to. This year, the most important phenomenon in Istanbul in the spatial structure, with a bridge connecting the two sides of the strait was. Strengthen the city's transit transport function Bosphorus Bridge and surrounding roads, as a result of rapid growth in a short time has become the backbone of the urban transportation network.Another important phenomenon of the 1970s, the domestic automobile production and the start of the special was a large increase in the number of auto.
|
| |
Two thousand in Istanbul in 1950, while the total number of cars, the number of 80 thousand in the early 1970s, at the beginning of 1980 has exceeded 300 thousand. Private car ownership, the mobility, the distal part of the city has accelerated the opening of the settlement. The increasing number of private car and the Bosphorus Bridge, the construction of the city's population affect the balance between the two sides was. In 1970, 23 per cent of the urban population in Asia, with 77 percent living on the European side in 1990, living on the Asian side of the city rose to 34 per cent of the population. East of the city Bostanci-Kadikoy-Kartal-Pendik-Gebze spread rapidly towards the west of Silivri reached for the D-100 highway.
|
| |
Another important development in the Asian side of the Bob-Erenkoy zoning Zoning Plan was made. This plan, which is to protect the organic textures of the region until the 1970s, Baghdad Street outside environment and the coastal sections, floor instead of limitations, could have resulted in the construction of space limitations. At the end of the application Kiziltoprak structure between the Bostanci area has nearly doubled in a short time.
|
| |
Another phenomenon that gained momentum in the 1970s, the two sides of the city along the shores of the Marmara was occurring in the second housing ownership. In the past summer attended areas in the west Yesilköy, north Buyukdere and Sariyer, in the west Suadiye, Bob and Ada limited to the this year, in the west Kumburgaz and Silivri, in the east Dragos and Bayramoğ-line with the Yalova and Çınarcık ranging from cutting summer houses, sites, motels and were filled with various recreational facilities. When it comes to 198O urban population had reached 3 million.
|
| |
In urban development and metropolitanization line in accordance with a plurality of sub-centers appeared. However, the main city center, or can be defined as metropolitan centers in three regions in the southwest of historical burning, Karakoy and Beyoglu its north, in the east were Uskudar and Kadikoy core. They were separated from each other by water ways.
|
| |
In the historical peninsula, finance, judiciary, provinces, municipalities, as well as management units, entries arranged in a passage-man Ishan is located. In Khan publishers, textiles, plastic goods and clothing (apparel) focused workshops and importers. Foodstuffs and fabric wholesalers and jewelers massed Bazaar - Mahmutpaşa - Sultanhamam-Mısırçarşı region, but also the lower income groups in the city shopping district. Tourist trade is common around the Grand Bazaar and Sultanahmet. In the central business area of banks, insurance companies and other big corporations are concentrated sector is one of the Karaköy.
|
| |
Upper income groups for the retail trade, largely Nisantasi-Sisli district caught up in the Beyoglu hotels, bars, nightclubs, pubs, cinemas and theaters with the middle and lower income groups which attracts a central state. Nisantasi-Sisli Osmanbey-axis, the upper income groups as large shopping stores, stylish restaurants with an attractive central state. This is a continuation of the axis in the Sisli - Mecidiyekoy - Zincirlikuyu - Levent local holdings, that the settlement of domestic and foreign companies is a business environment.
|
| |
1980 relating to the administrative structure of the city of Istanbul has brought a significant change. Law enacted in 1984 relating to the metropolitan municipality in Istanbul metropolitan municipality and district municipalities will work in conjunction with a new management structure has been established consisting of. In the 1980s, the city moved out of the industrial establishments around the Golden Horn and Horn 's began to be cleaned, Istanbul has initiated the creation of the sewer system. The second bridge on the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge is complete with the name of peripheral roads opened on July 3, 1988.
|
| |
Another important phenomenon of the 1980s in terms of Istanbul, the city's many neighborhoods are regulations covering the expropriation and the coast. Tarlabaşı with them at the beginning of the expropriation and destruction of the estuary, on the shores of the Bosphorus regulations and piled Kadikoy-Bostanci coastal roads and such historical texture of the filling include significantly modifies the application. In the Marmara Region of Turkey's urban population one-third of harboring this sub-region's east-west direction, extending the main axis Corlu, Tekirdag, Silivri, Büyükçekmece, Small-drawer, Istanbul, Gebze, Izmit, Adapazari is. Administrative structure with rapidly increasing populations with insufficient Upon arrival in 1987, Büyükçekmece, Kâğıthane, Küçükçekmece, Pendik and Ümraniye, 1990 Bayrampaşa, in 1992, the Hunters, Bağcılar, Botanica, Gungoren, Maltepe, Ümraniye and Tuzla were established.
|
|
|
|
Hiç yorum yok:
Yorum Gönder